21 agosto, 2020

EL ATLAS AMBIENTAL DE AREQUIPA


El Atlas Ambiental de Arequipa es un trabajo académico de mi autoría en el que se ha compilado integralmente información sobre distintos temas concernientes a la ciudad y su hábitat, buscando coadyuvar a fortalecer y ampliar el conocimiento de las características ambientales de la ciudad para poder lograr posibles soluciones a sus problemas.

Este libro de 296 páginas a todo color ha sido financiado y publicado por el Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad Católica Santa María, y se inició en el 2016 como un proyecto de investigación especial cuando me desempeñaba como docente en esa casa de estudios.

Anteriormente, el Proyecto de Educación y Gestión Urbana en el Perú, PEGUP, de la cooperación holandesa, había producido un manuscrito de 44 páginas del mismo nombre el 2001. Pese a que este borrador nunca fue publicado, tuvo influencia en el desarrollo de otros atlas ambientales en el Perú, concretamente en Lima y Trujillo y sirvió para la elaboración del Plan Director de Arequipa Metropolitana PDAM 2001 en Arequipa. Es una pena que ese borrador, en cuya elaboración participé, nunca haya sido publicado.

Por tanto, este Atlas Ambiental que presento, es el primero que se publica en Arequipa, y si bien es completamente diferente al borrador hecho por PEGUP -ha sido escrito y graficado desde cero-, ha querido mantener su espíritu colaborativo. Si bien he llevado a cabo el desarrollo de los mapas y muchos de los textos y fotografías que componen este atlas, he invitado a una serie de expertos de las tres universidades arequipeñas, de la Municipalidad Provincial de Arequipa, de la Autoridad Nacional del Agua, del Instituto Geofísico del Perú además de profesionales independientes, que han colaborado desde sus respectivas especialidades, en un trabajo interdisciplinario.

El Atlas Ambiental de Arequipa, busca ser herramienta para fomentar la educación y cultura ambiental, así como para ayudar en la gestión y planificación de la ciudad. En palabras del especialista de UN-HABITAT (ONU) y asesor del proyecto, Jan Turkstra, “El Atlas Ambiental de Arequipa puede apoyar en tres aspectos importantes del desarrollo sostenible de Arequipa:

(i) Difundir el conocimiento a la sociedad en general.

 (ii) Desarrollar conocimiento

 (iii) Uso del conocimiento por parte de los planificadores urbanos y tomadores de decisiones.”

Esta publicación se basa en el enfoque sistémico, que estudia los ecosistemas que componen nuestro hábitat así como las relaciones y los flujos de materia y energía que se superponen en ellos. El atlas se organiza en tres grandes áreas de conocimiento: el físico natural, el construido y el social.

En el aspecto físico natural, se abordan temas como la localización, el estudio de los ecosistemas, el relieve, los  suelos, agua y clima, así como un análisis de flora y fauna. En este tema, el atlas aporta diversos estudios novedosos, como un análisis volcanológico, un compendio hidrográfico de las cuencas, torrenteras y acequias, un estudio pluviométrico de los últimos 30 años, el primer mapa de isla de calor urbano en la ciudad, un estudio de la flora, con especial énfasis en la reserva de Salinas y Aguada Blanca y un catálogo de la especies y subespecies de fauna dentro de la región.

En el aspecto construido, se aborda la evolución urbana, un estudio del centro histórico, el análisis de paisaje, de usos de suelo, vivienda, educación, salud, vías y transporte, redes y servicios y áreas verdes urbanas. El atlas presenta por primera vez un ortomosaico con aerofotografías de 1944, 1962, 1976 y 1998, que permiten ver al detalle la evolución urbana de la ciudad. Asimismo se analiza por primera vez la distribución metropolitana de las viviendas a nivel manzana, así como los usos de suelo a nivel lote, y la distribución de escuelas, centros de educación superior, centros de salud y vías. Se incluye también el estudio del sistema vial urbano y la propuesta de transporte del SIT.  Además se analiza en detalle la evolución de la campiña y los parques de la ciudad.

La tercera parte incluye el análisis del medio social, con temas como demografía, actividad económica, pobreza, gestión de riesgos, contaminación, resiliencia y cultura ambiental. El atlas aporta con un análisis demográfico por distrito y por manzana, un enfoque sustentable de la economía, estudios de contaminación, un detallado estudio de la gestión de riesgos tanto a nivel volcánico, de inundación, análisis del cambio climático y sísmico, incluyendo mapas de capacidad portante y microzonificación sísmica del centro histórico, proporcionados por el IGP.  Asimismo, se incluye un anexo con las principales normas legales ambientales.

El 90% de la producción del atlas será donado a bibliotecas, colegios, municipalidades, instituciones, y otros usos buscando una difusión masiva de sus contenidos. En palabras del experto brasileño Profesor del Rualdo Menegat quien publicó el Atlas Ambiental de Porto Alegre “El Atlas Ambiental de Arequipa, con sus diversos mapas e informaciones, desarrollados por el Dr. Carlos Zeballos y sus colaboradores, es la más importante herramienta para entender la ciudad y su entorno. Desde el punto de vista técnico, esta herramienta se plantea como promotora de la interdisciplinaridad, condición para discurrir sobre los diversos impactos que la ciudad produce en el paisaje. El conocimiento específico es siempre mejor analizado cuando contextualizado en el conjunto de elementos que componen el ambiente. El Atlas es, así, fundamental para todos los profesionales, gestores, legisladores que tienen la ciudad como tema de sus actividades técnicas, pues permite referir con precisión los datos que dan soporte a sus análisis.”.

ATLAS AMBIENTAL DE AREQUIPA

AUTOR:

Carlos Zeballos Velarde

COLABORADORES

Andrea Chanove, Armando Arenazas, Luisa Macedo, Natalí Hurtado, Pablo Meza, Ronal Fernández,  Carlos Zeballos Barrios, César Simborth, Edgar García, Gonzalo Ríos, Luis Maldonado, Mauricio Huaco, Zoila Linares, Alonso Quintanilla, Christian Málaga, Cinthya Butrón, Hernando Tavera, Mario Berríos, Jonathan Quiroz, Lila Arenas, Milagros Álvarez, Renato Díaz, Sarelia Castañeda.

EQUIPO ASISTENTE

Christian Málaga, Jonathan Quiroz, María Alejandra More, Milagros Álvarez, Milagros Lozano, Sarelia Castañeda 

MAPAS FINALES:

Carlos Zeballos Velarde, Jonathan Quiroz Valdivia, Instituto Geofísico del Perú

FOTOGRAFÍAS

Anthony Pauca, Carlos Rodríguez, Carlos Zeballos Barrios, Carlos Zeballos Velarde, César Luque, Milagros Álvarez. 

GRÁFICOS

Ángela Quispe, Carlos Zeballos, Liliana Valverde, Liz Ccosi, Rodrigo Condori.

ASESORES

Dr. Jan Turkstra y Dr. Rualdo Menegat.

DISEÑO Y DIAGRAMACIÓN

Katiuska Zeballos Velarde 


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  1. una maravilla tu blog Un abrazo desde el silencio del mar en Miami

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  4. Estimado Carlos, un gran trabajo en este Atlas.
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